Mar 24, 2022 · Solid-state fermentation has, over the decades, attained global recognition because of its potential to contribute significantly to solving some of the world's persistent problems, including malnutrition in humans and livestock, environmental pollution, climate change, hunger, and improving global food security (Ezekiel and Aworh, 2013; Zepf and Jin, 2013; FAO, 2016; Meybeck et al., 2018